Tennessee is a state with a strong tradition of gun ownership and relatively permissive firearm regulations. Whether you’re a Tennessee resident or visiting, it’s essential to understand the state’s gun laws to avoid legal trouble while exercising your Second Amendment rights. This guide covers the key aspects of Tennessee’s gun laws, including purchasing, carrying, permits, and restrictions.
Tennessee Gun Laws Overview
Permitless Carry (Constitutional Carry)
As of July 2021, Tennessee enacted permitless carry (also known as constitutional carry). This allows eligible individuals to carry a handgun, both openly and concealed, without a permit. While no permit is required for carrying a handgun, there are still restrictions on where firearms can be carried and who can carry them.
Who Can Legally Own a Firearm in Tennessee?
To legally own or purchase a firearm in Tennessee, you must:
- Be at least 18 years old to purchase rifles and shotguns.
- Be at least 21 years old to purchase handguns.
- Not have been convicted of a felony (without rights restoration).
- Not have been convicted of domestic violence-related offenses.
- Not be prohibited from owning firearms under federal law.
Tennessee Firearm Purchasing Laws
Purchasing firearms in Tennessee is a straightforward process, as there are no state-imposed waiting periods or permit requirements to buy a gun. Buyers must pass a background check conducted through the Tennessee Bureau of Investigation (TBI) unless they have a valid Tennessee Enhanced Handgun Carry Permit (EHCP) or a Concealed Handgun Carry Permit (CHCP).
Tennessee Handgun Carry Permits
Although Tennessee allows for permitless carry, many gun owners opt for a handgun carry permit, especially if they plan to travel to other states. Tennessee offers two types of handgun carry permits:
- Enhanced Handgun Carry Permit (EHCP): This permit allows for both open and concealed carry. It provides more privileges and is recognized by more states in reciprocity agreements.
- Concealed Handgun Carry Permit (CHCP): This permit allows for concealed carry only. It requires less training compared to the EHCP but has fewer reciprocity benefits.
How to Obtain a Handgun Carry Permit (EHCP or CHCP):
- Be at least 21 years old (or 18 for active-duty military).
- Complete a state-approved firearm safety course (required for both permits).
- Submit an application to the Department of Safety and Homeland Security.
- Pass a background check.
- Pay the applicable fees (EHCP costs around $100, while CHCP is approximately $65).
- Once approved, you’ll receive your permit within a few weeks.
Where Can You Carry a Gun in Tennessee?
Tennessee’s gun laws allow permitless carry for handguns, but there are restrictions on where firearms can be carried. Whether you are carrying under the constitutional carry provisions or with a permit, certain areas remain off-limits for carrying firearms:
- Schools and Universities: Guns are prohibited in K-12 schools and on college campuses, with few exceptions for certain staff and permit holders.
- Government Buildings: Carrying firearms in federal, state, and local government buildings where signs are posted prohibiting weapons is illegal.
- Courthouses: Firearms are not allowed in courthouses or other judicial buildings.
- Private Property: Property owners have the right to prohibit firearms on their premises by posting a sign indicating “No Firearms Allowed.”
- Parks and Recreational Areas: While handguns are permitted in most public parks, local ordinances may impose restrictions on carrying firearms in specific recreational areas.
Always look for posted signage as violating these location-based restrictions can result in legal penalties.
Tennessee’s Stand Your Ground Law
Tennessee is a Stand Your Ground state, meaning there is no duty to retreat before using deadly force if you are legally present at the location where the confrontation occurs. If you reasonably believe that force is necessary to prevent imminent death, serious injury, or a forcible felony, you are justified in using such force.
Firearm Restrictions in Tennessee
While Tennessee’s gun laws are generally permissive, certain restrictions apply to specific types of firearms and individuals:
- Felons: Individuals convicted of a felony are prohibited from possessing firearms unless their rights have been restored.
- Domestic Violence Convictions: Anyone convicted of domestic violence is prohibited from owning firearms.
- Mentally Incompetent Individuals: Individuals declared mentally incompetent by a court are not allowed to own or possess firearms.
- Silencers/Suppressors: Silencers are legal in Tennessee, but they require federal approval and a tax stamp.
Reciprocity with Other States
Tennessee’s Enhanced Handgun Carry Permit (EHCP) is recognized by most states, making it a popular option for those who travel across state lines with firearms. Additionally, Tennessee honors permits from many other states, though reciprocity agreements vary. It is essential to check the local laws of the state you are visiting, as some states may have more restrictive carry laws.
Penalties for Violating Tennessee Gun Laws
Failure to comply with Tennessee’s gun laws can result in severe penalties. For example:
- Carrying a firearm in a restricted area (such as a school) can lead to misdemeanor or felony charges, depending on the location and circumstances.
- Providing false information when purchasing a firearm or carrying a gun while intoxicated can result in criminal charges.
- Possession of a firearm by a prohibited individual (such as a convicted felon) can lead to serious felony charges, which may carry prison time and steep fines.
Conclusion: Stay Informed and Comply with Tennessee Gun Laws
Tennessee’s gun laws are designed to allow responsible gun ownership while maintaining public safety. Understanding where you can legally carry a firearm, whether a permit is required, and the rights you have under the law is essential for anyone owning or carrying a gun in Tennessee.
While the state allows for permitless carry, obtaining a handgun carry permit can offer additional legal protections and flexibility, especially when traveling to other states. Always stay updated on changes to Tennessee’s gun laws to ensure you remain compliant.
If you have any doubts or questions about your rights, consulting with a qualified attorney or local law enforcement can provide clarity and peace of mind.
FAQs About Gun Laws in Tennessee
1. Do I need a permit to carry a gun in Tennessee?
No, as of 2021, Tennessee allows permitless carry for handguns, meaning you do not need a permit to carry a handgun either openly or concealed. However, a permit is required for carrying in other states or for more privileges.
2. Can I carry a gun in my car in Tennessee?
Yes, you are allowed to carry a handgun in your vehicle without a permit as long as you are legally permitted to own a firearm.
3. Are there any restrictions on purchasing ammo in Tennessee?
No, Tennessee does not impose specific restrictions on purchasing ammunition beyond federal laws regarding age requirements and prohibited persons.
4. Can non-residents carry in Tennessee?
Yes, non-residents with a valid handgun carry permit from a state that Tennessee recognizes can carry in the state.
5. What is the penalty for carrying a gun in a restricted area?
Carrying a firearm in a restricted area, such as a school or government building, can result in a misdemeanor or felony charge, depending on the specific location and circumstances.
By following Tennessee’s gun laws and staying informed, you can exercise your Second Amendment rights while avoiding legal consequences. Always consult with local authorities if you are uncertain about specific regulations.